Polar bears, taxonomically Ursa maritimus, are facing an uphill struggle as the Arctic continues to warm and its dwindle. I will be the first one to admit that I don't understand the changes taking place in the Arctic and their causes. The actual changes taking place there are well-documented. However, scientists are still debating the accuracy of said documentation and are heatedly debating the causes (that they don't know for certain; but then again, what can we know with absolute certainty??).Wondering how polar bears fit into marine science, are you? Well, refer back to the taxonomic genus and species of the the polar bear...Ursa maritimus. They are considered marine mammals by biologists since they spend so much time on pack ice in the Arctic Ocean. That is the world for which they are so perfectly adapted, and why they are struggling as sea ice coverage both thins and shrinks.
As an interesting aside...within a few days of the Arctic's ice cloak reaching an all-time low during the satellite observation age (in September 2012), the Southern Ocean's cloak of austral winter sea ice reached an all-time high.
Find below an interesting article from the BBC Nature Crew about polar bears, the hunting of them, and the legal trade in polar bears (which I did not know existed, to be honest).
Polar bear trade ban divides campaigners
Some campaigners argue that the key issue for polar bears is climate change
Wildlife campaigners are at odds over a new attempt to ban the global trade in polar bear parts.
Some activists say the market for rugs and ornaments made from the bears is driving them to extinction.
But others argue that the most pressing problem for the species is climate change and the disappearance of polar ice.
The issue will be decided at a UN wildlife conservation meeting in Thailand in March 2013.
The Humane Society International/UK says that polar bears have been brought to a tipping point by climate change but that increased hunting in recent years is pushing the species "beyond the brink".
"The drivers for the increase in recent years in the trade in polar bear parts are the extremely worrying and rapidly increasing prices being paid on international markets for polar bear parts," said Mark Jones, executive director of the Humane Society International/UK.
He points to the fact that in the five years up to 2012 there has been a 375% increase in the number of polar bear skins offered at auction, some selling for as much as $12,000 (£7,400).
Opinions divided
Every year around 600 bears are legally killed by hunters in Canada and in the decade to 2010 more than 30,000 bear parts were traded as trophies, rugs and ornaments.
Opponents of the trade have now proposed a ban on the international sales of polar bear parts. It will be tabled at the next meeting of the Convention on the trade in endangered species (CITES) taking place in Thailand next March.
The move is being supported by the US and Russian governments. The last time an attempt was made to change the ruling in 2010, it wasdefeated after the UK and the EU voted against. Mark Jones believes the UK government's position is very influential and wants them to support the ban.
"We urgently need the British government to step forward and be a champion for polar bears by supporting their maximum protection," he added.
A grisly collection of polar bear skins which can sell for extremely high prices
But some prominent campaigners are against changing the protected status of the bears. WWF has had a long association with the iconic species but believes that the threat from international trade is not significant compared to the threat from climate change.
"If we were tempted to support it on the basis of trade being a major threat, it is not," says Dr Colman O'Criodain, WWF's wildlife trade policy analyst.
"We have to focus on what is the major threat and not distract ourselves with a relatively minor one. We can't be arguing for the science when it suits us and then ignore it when it doesn't suit our case," he added.
Little impact
WWF are supported by other groups including Traffic International and IUCN. But Mark Jones says the Humane Society International have broad support for their position as well.
"We're members of a very big campaigning group called the species survival network and we do believe we have a very wide consensus among groups on this particular issue," he said.
Dr Colman O'Criodain says that WWF won't actively campaign against the ban and will accept it if it is voted through. But he argues that would be a bad outcome for polar bears.
"You could say that this is just a distraction factor and that it could have the effect of making people think something has been done to address the threat when the net effect will be almost negligible," he said.
Indigenous groups in Canada are actively working against the proposed ban. And they particularly resent the fact that the US is leading the charge for change.
"The American government is using the threat of climate change to justify banning the international trade in polar bear parts while utterly failing to do anything to reduce their own activities," said James Eetoolook of the Nunavut Tunngavik, a group that represents Inuit interests.
They argue that their own research in the western Hudson Bay region carried out earlier this year indicated that bear numbers were increasing rather than declining.
Campaign groups in favour of the new ban are taking comfort from the fact that some governments are still undecided.
A spokesperson for the UK's department of the environment, farming and rural affairs added:
"We are currently considering the proposals ahead of the Conference of the Parties meeting next year."
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